Role of Diet and Probiotic in Prevention of Colorectal Cancer with a Review on Interplay of Pathogenesis

Colorectal cancer has always been a focus for early detection by widely available screening procedures, yet it is the third common cancer worldwide. Dietary habits have a significant impact on the colonic microenvironment. Food can modify colonic microbiota composition to prevent the development of colonic neoplasia. Nutrients play a role via immunomodulation in colonic tissue, and their metabolites influence cellular arrangement. Diet has a crucial role both as causal and preventive, which is why extensive epidemiological and experimental studies are the demands to build a diet plan to ensure gut hygiene. Red meat, processed meat, has been considered to have a role in carcinogenesis, so changing the processing procedure, using colon-friendly additives, and decreasing toxic food compounds are a few of the possible preventive approaches. In this review, we aim to discuss the influence of dietary components, metabolites, and microbiota composition on colon cancer prevention.